Since I’m getting my tickets paid to and from Hawai’i, thanks to travel grants, I’ve also decided to spend a few days bumming around on the beaches on Maui and the Big Island while I’m there. It’d frankly be a waste not to waste time on the beach. Double negatives aside, I’m quite excited I’m getting overseas again. The last time I departed the sweet shores of Aotearoa was back in 2002 on my fourth trip to the UK (a pretty sweet trip, but so many years ago).

Here’s the thing. I’m going to be living cheap. Really cheap. I’m a lowly student with little cash to spend on luxuries like accommodation or washing clothes. That combined with my OCD-like minimalist philosophy mean I’m obsessing with packing as little as possible to survive for the 12 days I’ll be away. Since I’ll be living cheap, I want to take as few valuables as I can deal with, to the extent I’m considering leaving my precious (now fixed) iPod at home and going music-free for almost 2 madness-inducing weeks. At the moment I’m taking as many hole-free pairs of boxers and socks as I can find, combined with a few t-shirts, 3 pairs of shorts and pair of jeans. I may even take a towel, but I’m still debating whether that sensible or not….

I want a single small bag to carry everything, but taking one small carry-on bag on a trip for two weeks will no doubt arouse suspicion with those overly-paranoid goombas at customs. So rather than risking the rubber glove, I’m going to “pack” all my clothes into a bigger backpack, check that through into luggage, and then discard it once I get to Hawai’i, along with my less-liked clothing once they’ve been worn to a point where they’d normally need washing. If I need more clothing I’ll just go to the “WalMart, which I believe is where all the cool kids in the America States get their clothing.

So, now I’ve no doubt set off red flags in the governmental agencies which read blogs, with my talking of buying clothes at WalMart, I’m going to get back to “packing”. I’ll try and keep updates going if I can get to the internets while on the islands.

Woo, that just gave me a huge stroke of déjà vu for some reason. I should get some sleep.

I’ve got a podcast in the works (or, as I’m calling it, a podClast – just to stick with the geology puns). I’ve also got a few articles I’ve been working on for this site, getting closer to a state where I can post them on goodSchist.

So, if you’re interested in geology or science in general, take a look at goodSchist. It’s good shit.

COROT has provided its first image of a giant planet orbiting another star and the first bit of ‘seismic’ information on a far away, Sun-like star, with unexpected accuracy.

The ESA (European Space Agency) satellite COROT (COnvection ROtation and planetary Transits) is designed in part to measure the variations in light waves from stars when an exoplanet transits its stellar parent. This can be summed up simply with the following image from the ESA;

The first planet imaged is a gas giant with a radius 1.78 times that of Jupiter (or 127,255 km), which completes an orbit of its star every 36 hours.

The exceptionally cool thing about these results is the accuracy to which this luminescent variance has been measured. So accurate that imaging a planet the size of the Earth is possible. From the ESA Portal;

The unanticipated level of accuracy of this raw data shows that COROT will be able to see rocky planets – perhaps even as small as Earth – and possibly provide an indication of their chemical composition.

Measuring the variance in the light frequencies is a good way of determining the composition of something as light passes through. This means that determining the make-up of a rocky exoplanet’s atmosphere is perhaps possible with COROT.

COROT could herald a new age of exoplanet discovery, which is awesome. We need a new home.

At the risk of you, my beloved reader, experiencing a fit of explosive eye-glazing, I will first present a picture of my very first mounted meteorite sample (not as dirty as it sounds);

The white bit in this picture is 4.5672 billion years old. It’s one of the oldest solids in the Solar System and dates back to a time when the Sun was just kicking off its fire-juggling party. The minute concentrations of iron in this rock and the iron in your blood are from the same star-derived reservoir. But I digress.

This is a sample of a Calcium-Aluminium rich Inclusion (or CAI) from a carbonaceous chondrite (stoney-iron meteorites). These things formed in a very hot environment, and the minerals within have gone through between one and three stages of melting. The heat inherent in the environment was not due to the sun, but radioactive decay of unstable isotopes such as 26 Aluminium (Half life of ~703 Ka).

What I’m doing with these tiny inclusions (which are all less than 10mm in diameter), is determining the major mineral constituents, of each of those I’m looking at the minor or trace element concentrations and finally dating them by determining comparative ²⁶Mg deficits (if any). So what involved in each step?

Step 1: Mineralogy: Using an Electron Micro Probe, I am able to determine the major elemental weight percentages of each mineral “phase” of the targeted CAI;

Each shade of grey in the above image is a different mineral. In this case, the lightest phase (Phase 1, points of sampling are orange) is melilite, the second lightest (Phase 2, coloured blue) is pyroxene, phase 3 (in green) is anorthite, and the nearly black phase 4 (in red) is spinel. The above image is an electron back-scatter image of a Type B1 CAI from the carboneceous chondrite NWA 2364.

Step 2: Trace Elements: Using Laser Ablation Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), I am determining the concentrations of 34 chemical elements that are present to an accuracy of a few parts per million (ppm) or less. The elements I’m looking for range through Uranium, Thorium, Lead, Titanium, the Rare Earth Elements (REE) and more. By comparing the concentrations of these elements in different CAIs, whole meteorites and planets, you can get an idea of what was around when each formed and how the areas of formation differed in their respective elemental composition. Did the Earth and these CAIs form in the same place in the solar nebula? The answer at the moment is no, so why did the solar nebula cloud have differing concentrations of elements from one point to another? That’s the big questions relating to how these various bodies formed.

I like to think of this step as a real life game of Asteroids, with a scientific slant.

Step 3: Magnesium Deficits and Dating: Using another kind of ICPMS, namely a Multi-Collector, I will be determining the concentrations of the isotopes of magnesium (Mg) in each of my collected samples. As I mentioned previously, these samples were heated by the decay of ²⁶Al. This particular isotope decays to ²⁶Mg. So the more ²⁶Mg in a sample, the older it is. Any deficit in ²⁶Mg compared to that of the maximum found in CAIs can be correlated to the time between CAI formation and the formation of whatever you’re looking at. So by getting the ²⁶Mg/²⁴Mg ratio from these samples, I can determine their relative ages from oldest to youngest. This is of interest because knowing over what time span CAIs were forming can help you determine whether it all happened at once in a very short time span (and was thus stopped by some process of the sun’s formation), whether there were several exclusive periods of CAI formation (perhaps by injection of ²⁶Al from nearby supernovae), or whether it happened slowly and steadily over 6 half lives of ²⁶Al (most likely).

Why does this count as geology? By knowing what was around when the Earth formed and thus what it is made of (i.e, how the chemical composition of the solar nebula changed over time) and how old it is in comparison to other bodies in the solar system, you can build more accurate models of the chemical composition of the materials that make up the crust, mantle and the core of the Earth. This helps in the understanding of how and why things are the way they are. It also makes up the underpinning of mantle geochemistry, volcanic petrology and chemistry, and environmental and atmospheric evolution (which links to the formation of life (abiogenesis) and the like.

So that’s what I’m spending most of my time doing. Any questions, just post a comment and I’ll endeavour to answer.

Sourced from Boing Boing. The manufacturer is the French company Smarin Design.

My favourite quote;

We are now so used to the idea that the Earth spins rather than the Sun moves across the sky. It’s hard for us to realize what a shattering mental revolution that must have been. After all it seems obvious that the Earth is large and motionless, the Sun small and mobile. But it is worth recalling Wittgenstein’s remark on the subject. “Tell me”, he asked a friend, “Why do people always say it was natural for man to assume that the Sun went around the Earth rather than that the Earth was rotating?” His friend replied, “Well obviously because it just looks as though the Sun is going around the Earth!” Wittgenstein replied, “Well what would it have looked like if it had looked as though the Earth was rotating?”

From: TEDblog

At the Institute of Physics, science director Peter Main said this illustrated the flexibility of physicists.
“For example, if an archaeologist wants to date something, they get a physicist,” he told BBC News.

Not only does he have the same name as the former VP of Nintendo of America, but he also seems unaware that geologists, specifically geochemists, do a crap load of dating. I mean, the ICPMS was invented and originally built by a chemist, Harold Urey, who is also the father of geochemistry. If you want something dated, you’ll likely be doing acid chemistry. If you’re actually doing archaeological dating, you’ll likely be doing luminescence dating, something you’ll probably be doing in your local geology or archaeology department.

I’m not saying physics isn’t needed, physical chemistry and radioactivity are the cornerstone of most dating methods. Physics is cool in my opinion, but it’s not just people who are physicists by training or occupation who do it, or understand it.

And that’s it for my 2:30am rant.

Hi, I’m Yorrike. You may remember me as the guy who used to write things here, but after a drug fueled sex rampage resulting in a triple limb amputation, ceased to update and neglected this corner of the internets. Truth is I’ve been so busy that writing things to the 2 or 3 people (you know who you are) who read this site, took a back seat to 400-level university papers.

I’m not promising this pattern of neglect is about to change, but with the mid-year break upon me, I’m left with a little time to get things in order. So, as a quick rundown for those of you who haven’t heard, in the last few months I’ve;

1. Graduated with my BSc in Geology
2. Completed my first trimester of my MSc
3. Not drank all that much, or had time to par-tay (sad, but true)
4. Bought a Nintendo DS Lite – the first piece of gaming hardware I’ve purchased since the GameCube (I also bought the New Super Mario Bros. – it rules).

Apart from that, things have been ticking along as usual. I’m going to make a proper post about something interesting now, so excuse me while I gather resources and URLs and have some sleep. In the mean time; Go Team Second Season Venture!

You can browse around Mars in elevation, infrared and visible light modes and see how our tiny neighbour and last of our solar system’s terrestrial planets, looks. Keep an eye out for roads, spaceports and scientific stations popping up over the next 1,000 years.

2009 will mark the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth and by a freak numerical coincidence, the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Origin of Species (on November 24th). So start planning what you’re going to do in order to celebrate this gigantic leap in human knowledge.

“Kek” is, frankly, one of the most structurally fucked up places in New Zealand. Tectonically, it’s the point where the Australian plate stops being subducted by the Pacific plate, and the subduction rolls switch. Some of the world’s most active faultlines are located in the Kekerengu region– making the geological folding reasonably new and varied over the field area. There’s faults down there that no one’s mapped and stratigraphy that’ll make your head spin (even if you’re a geologist).

Kek is a hardcore trip – once you get all your field work and mapping done, you’re left with one of those moments of pure, zen-like satisfaction and releif. Just to prove it, here’s a pic of me from last year seconds after I’d finished and seconds before I started getting drunk;

Yes, I’m Peter Jackson’s stunt double.

The BBC has the details, including a picture of the suspected geospy, which looks like lithified, weathered mudstone.

70 metres. That’s how much higher sea level will be if all the ice melts. Your pathetic economies and useless precious resources will count for squat when a large percentage of the world’s land is inducted into the club known as continental shelf. Entire countries will disappear, others will become mere scraps of their former glory (think of all the history that’ll be consumed). But hey, if you can leverage this new oceanic dynamic using bleeding edge economic realignments to maximise profit throughput, who cares?

Basically, there’ll be more oil fields to plunder, more fish stokes to depleat and more locations for fat retired Americans to visit on cruise liners. Yipee. Here’s an idea for the companies and countries exploring oil field options in the Arctic, and unfortunately Antarctic; why not use the billions of dollars you’d use to build new oil rigs and the like, towards research in cutting your reliance on fossil fuel? There maybe resources up north yet to be pumped, but they’ll run out one day too, and then you’ll be in the same situation you are now, but the bill for the switch to alternative power sources will be much, much greater.

As I move into my final week of undergrad geology lectures, I’m confronted with three major problems;

1. Everything is due next week
2. I have a major project I haven’t really started due on Monday
3. The internet got hooked up at my new flat yesterday

So, with over a month’s of blog feeds to catch up on, around 3000 words to write on something I’m sketchy on, and a complete lack of motivation, I’m left in my normal situation of knowing I’ll be pulling an all-nighter, and being totally unwilling to do anything about it.

Hopeless.

All I’m left to wonder is, how far away is Google Mars?